How is a human baby created
10 Animals Created By Humans
it's no secret that humans have a
tenuous relationship with the natural
world from pollution to deforestation
people have often had a destructive
impact on the environment but sometimes
scientists harness animals to create an
entirely new species though some people
believe it is a moral scientists
continue to design bizarre new animals
today we are looking at ten animals
created by humans scientists in Japan
are at the heart of a debate regarding
the ethics of manipulating living
creatures in July of 2019 they approved
the first human animal embryo
experiments in history
Hitomi Sunnah Kochi who leads the team
at the University of Tokyo and Stanford
University in California plans to grow
human cells in mouse and rat embryos and
then transplant those embryos into
surrogate animals naka OGIS ultimate
goal is to produce animals with organs
made of human cells that can eventually
be transplanted into people if we are
able to generate human organs and
animals we could help many many people
Nakuru Chi told the Stanford medicine
magazine last year Japan has overturned
a rule that forbid researchers from
growing animal embryos spliced with
human cells for longer than 14 days naka
aims to grow mouse and rat embryos with
human cells until fourteen and a half
and fifteen and a half days old
respectively according to nature later
he hopes to grow Pig embryos spliced
with human cells for up to 70 days
pending government approval bioethicists
say the research could have unintended
consequences if some of the human cells
were transferred to the animals brain
naka eg told nature however that the
interventions are designed to only
affect the organ that he plans to grow
this animal truly tests the limits of
what is possible in genetic science
South Korean scientists say they have
engineered for beagles that glow red
using cloning techniques that could help
develop cures for human diseases the
four dogs all named rappy a combination
of ruby and puppy look like typical
beagles by daylight but they glow red
under ultraviolet light and the dog's
nails and abdomens which have thin skins
look red even to the naked eye for the
designer bioluminescent buffs out there
red is not the only color for which to
choose the first isolated glowing
protein was a green color from the
jellyfish Aequorea Victoria since then
scientists have experimented with
replacing different molecules within the
protein structure allowing for the
creation of a number of different
colored photo luminescent proteins
ranging through the visible spectrum
including blue yellow cyan orange and of
course red it took nearly 2,000 eggs to
make some 1,000 embryos all of which
produced only one Snuppy but however
inefficient that technology was
groundbreaking and means that in the
future genetically modified animals will
be able to glow in whichever color a
scientist decides again there is an
intense ethical debate raging about this
science but the experiment has been
repeated several times as terrifying as
it sounds Randy Lewis a professor at
Utah State University spliced spider DNA
into the cells of his goats the first
was a goat named freckles who looks and
acts like any of her goat siblings
except for one noticeable difference she
was genetically modified to produce
spider silk in her milk the silk
produced by golden orb weaving spiders
is tougher than Kevlar but has the
elasticity and lightness of nylon that
makes the silk a very valuable substance
the trouble is that it's impractical to
raise spiders to produce enough for
industrial use it took more than a
million spiders and 70 human workers
working for four years to make a single
11 foot by 4 foot piece of fabric that's
where the goats come in now in their
ninth generation these creatures produce
about an ounce of the protein per
milking session yielding several
thousand yards of a single spider silk
thread since then the technology has
been purchased by a Canadian company and
the product is being marketed as bio
steel they sell numerous products for
use in construction the materials they
produce are more than five times
stronger than solid steel
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featherless chickens could be the future
of mass poultry farming in warmer
countries says an Israeli geneticist who
has created a bear skinned prototype the
new chicken would be lower in calories
faster growing environmentally-friendly
and more likely to survive in warmer
conditions claims of Victoria Hunter of
the Hebrew University of Jerusalem he
created his red skinned chicken by
selectively crossing a breed with a
naturally bare neck with a regular
broiler chicken commercial broiler hens
were genetically bred to cause them to
eat more and gain weight fast which
causes their body's metabolism to
operate at higher temperatures than
ordinary chickens their heart rate can
go as fast as 300 beats a minute this
causes them to overheat especially in
warmer climates Kahana developed a breed
that grows no feathers and have no
scales on their legs and feet after six
generations of breeding he was able to
create the featherless Bantam chicken
and then he cross bred until he got a
large sized version there are many
opponents of the featherless chicken
considering it to be a prime result of
bad science solely created to benefit
our consumption needs it is extremely
controversial and has not been widely
adopted since its invention in 2002 at
first glance the Belgian blue cows peers
to be some sort of cartoon superhero
jammed inside a cow's body but this is
not a work of fiction
in fact the Belgian blue cows rigea
nated in central and upper Belgium
Belgian blues are recognizable for their
extremely muscled frame and huge size in
fact they actually develop what is
called double muscling they have
well-defined backs and loins with strong
looking legs and Bulls can often reach a
weight of 1,250 kilograms while cows
weigh about 900 kilograms while double
muscling is natural the way the mutation
has been perpetuated is not the meat
industry selectively breeds animals who
exhibit this mutation to produce bigger
animals and therefore more meat because
of their abnormally large size Belgian
blue cattle often endure a slew of
serious health problems once the calves
are born they may have a number of birth
defects including enlarged tongues which
can make it difficult or even impossible
for them to nurse they may also suffer
from cardio respiratory bone and joint
problems among other ailments as a
result most people consider the breeding
of Belgian blue cows amoral and they are
not popular
many tropical frogs are admired for
their stunning color Asian but glass
frogs go a different route the skin on
their bellies is at least partially
transparent making their internal organs
visible from underneath
now another frog joins these clear
bellied and fib Ian's a remarkable
little creature from Ecuador newly
created by scientists in 2019 the dark
green spots on its back in its call and
reproductive behavior mark it out as
different from already known frogs males
guard the eggs which are attached below
a tree's leaves until they hatch and
fall in the below water stream says Juan
Gua sameen of the universidad san
francisco de Quito in Ecuador I work
with frogs every day and this is one of
the most beautiful species I have ever
seen not all glass frogs have hearts
that are visible through the chest in
some the heart itself is white so you
don't see the red blood says Paul
Hamilton of US nonprofit organization
the biodiversity group scientists
created these frogs as an alternative to
dissection a practice that is
increasingly friend upon in schools
thus students can study a living glass
frog and view its organs without any
sort of cruel operation though it's hard
to believe every 10 minutes another
person is added to the national organ
waiting list in every day more than 20
people die waiting for a donor but what
if it wasn't necessary to wait for an
altruistic human to provide your vital
organs that is why the world's leading
researchers are attempting to splice DNA
and grow organs more quickly in 2017
scientists from the Salk Institute in
California tried to grow the first
embryos containing cells from humans and
pigs the process proved to be more
challenging than expected and was very
inefficient from 2075 implanted embryos
only 186 developed up to the 28-day time
limit for the project our findings may
offer hope for advancing science and
medicine by providing an unprecedented
ability to study early embryo
development and organ formation as well
as a potential new avenue for medical
therapies says Salk professor Juan
Carlos is fasulo Belmonte a senior
author of the paper and a leading expert
in this field though the researchers
have much work ahead of them it is
certain that this field has an extremely
bright future
in March 2019 the Food and Drug
Administration lifted an import
restriction that allowed aqua bounty a
biotech company with facilities in
Canada and Panama to start raising
genetically engineered salmon eggs in
America effectively clearing the way for
the country's first GMO seafood and
first commercially raised GMO animal to
come to market the main difference is
that aqua Bonny's aqua advantage salmon
grows faster than conventional salmon
and therefore gets to market weight in
less time this is desirable for fish
farmers because it means the fish
requires less feed which is one of the
main costs in aquaculture this salmon
contains a growth hormone gene from the
fast-growing Pacific chinook salmon and
a promoter sequence from the ocean pout
combined the gene and promoter sequence
which acts like a nonce which enable the
salmon to grow year-round instead of
seasonally like while they're farm
salmon the FDA evaluated the fast
growing salmon and concluded that it was
as safe as conventional salmon the
agency determined safety by
compositional analysis basically
grinding up genetically engineered
salmon and control fish samples and
comparing them in these analyses the
genetically engineered salmon and wild
Atlantic salmon were not found to differ
human breast milk contains valuable
antibacterial enzymes that milk from
dairy animals did not until now
researchers report that transgenic goats
can successfully produce milk containing
the enzyme lysozyme and that this milk
exhibits an antibacterial effect when
fed to young goats and pigs the
researchers hope that in the future
enhanced non human milk will give an
immune boost to children in the
developing world where diarrhea takes
more than two million lives each year
strange as it seems these animals are
producing human breast milk this will
solve problems where there is a shortage
of breast milk in an area thus feeding
otherwise starving children they should
have an impact particularly on ecoli
based gastrointestinal diseases says Jim
Murray an animal scientist at the
University of California Davis and an
author of the study the team is now
repeating the experiment with pigs that
will be infected with harmful bacteria
to see if the modified milk enhances
their natural immune response as with
all the animals on this list it is
somewhat controversial but many people
accept that this particular case is
worth the ethical ambiguity in order to
save children's lives
though it sounds like an animal out of a
science fiction novel the Z bride is a
real living thing a Z bride is the
offspring of a cross between a zebra and
any other equina usually a horse or a
donkey
zebras belong to the genus Equus and as
such they can cross breed with other
Equus species the resulting hybrid is
almost always sterile the three species
of zebras have between 44 and 62
chromosomes donkeys have 62 and horses
have 64 Z broads were originally bred as
pack animals in Africa for practical
reasons they are more resistant to
certain diseases such as sleeping
sickness and horses or donkeys z broads
for domestic use are bred for the look
of a zebra tempered by the domesticated
nature of a horse or donkey a typical
characteristic of zebra lights is that
their appearance tilts more toward that
of an equine rather than the zebra apart
from adopting the stripes these stripes
are generally confined to some parts of
the body such as the legs or neck their
colors through the legs and belly
usually range between 10 Brown and gray
with a lighter underside making the
stripes stand out further
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